India sits at the center of this conversation. As one of the world’s largest manufacturing hubs, manufacturers in India produce everything from handcrafted leather goods and home decor to textiles, spices, and tea. The decisions that brands make about how they source from India have real consequences for millions of workers and their families.

The Human Side of Manufacturing in India

India’s manufacturing sector is vast and deeply diverse. Textile suppliers in India alone employ tens of millions of people, many of them women in rural communities. Artisan workshops, family-run factories, and large-scale facilities all form part of this complex landscape.

When sourcing is done responsibly, the benefits reach far beyond the factory floor. Workers earn fair wages. Families gain financial stability. Local communities grow stronger. Ethical sourcing turns international trade into something that genuinely lifts people up.

What Ethical Sourcing Looks Like in Practice

Ethical sourcing is not a single policy. It is a set of consistent practices applied throughout the supply chain:

Fair labor standards: Workers are paid fairly and not subject to excessive hours or unsafe conditions.

Safe working environments: Factories meet basic health and safety requirements.

Transparent pricing and contracts: Agreements are clear, and suppliers are not pressured into unsustainable margins.

Factory audits and inspections: Regular on-site visits verify that standards are being met.

Responsible supply chain management in India: Oversight continues after contracts are signed, not just at the beginning of a relationship.

Why Ethical Product Sourcing from India Matters for Global Brands

Brands that cut corners on sourcing face serious risks. A single news story about poor factory conditions can damage years of brand-building. Beyond reputation, there are legal, financial, and operational risks tied to unverified suppliers.

On the other hand, brands that invest in responsible product sourcing from India benefit from stronger supplier relationships, more consistent quality, and greater consumer trust. Long-term partnerships with ethical factories also reduce the disruptions that come from constantly switching suppliers.

The Role of a Trusted Sourcing Partner

Most overseas buyers cannot visit factories regularly. That gap creates risk. An experienced India sourcing company bridges that gap by maintaining a physical presence in factories, vetting suppliers before orders are placed, and communicating clearly across time zones and cultural differences.

All India Sourcing Group places American sourcing agents on the ground in India. They monitor production, conduct quality inspections, and represent your brand’s values directly on the factory floor. This structure removes the guesswork from sourcing from India and replaces it with accountability.

Ethical Sourcing Creates Shared Value

Responsible sourcing is good for business and good for people. When global brands commit to fair practices, Indian workers benefit, and brands build supply chains they can stand behind.

If you are planning to expand your supply network or import from India, consider working with a structured sourcing partner. Learn more about responsible product sourcing from India at allindiasourcing.com.

The post From Indian Factories to Global Brands: The Human Impact of Ethical Sourcing first appeared on All India Sourcing Group | Product Sourcing India | US.

Traditional supply chain management often fails because it relies heavily on remote communication or sporadic, announced audits. Emails and scheduled video calls simply cannot reveal the daily reality of a busy manufacturing facility. Without consistent boots on the ground, brands remain unaware of serious safety violations, unfair wages, or excessive overtime until a public crisis occurs. This disconnect hurts vulnerable workers and damages the brand reputation that companies work hard to build.

We believe that successful product sourcing from India requires a fundamentally different approach. At All India Sourcing Group, we view factories as long-term partners rather than temporary vendors. Our process begins with a rigorous evaluation that goes far beyond basic capability checks. We assess social compliance, fire safety standards, and legal working hours before a single order is placed. This detailed vetting ensures that every product is made in an environment that respects human dignity.

Our team of American sourcing agents lives and works in India to bridge the cultural and geographical gap. This in-person oversight is crucial for building trust and ensuring clarity. By maintaining a physical presence, we can monitor production schedules and quality standards in real time. It allows us to identify potential issues early and implement corrective plans instead of simply abandoning a supplier. We work alongside manufacturers in India to help them improve their operations, creating a cycle of improvement.

Ethical manufacturing is not just about doing the right thing; it is also about creating significantly better products. When workers are paid fair wages and operate in safe, comfortable conditions, employee turnover rates drop drastically. Experienced staff stay longer, which directly leads to higher consistency and superior craftsmanship in complex goods like textiles or home decor from India. A stable, happy workforce produces results that are far superior to one operating under duress.

Reliability stems from mutual respect. When suppliers feel valued and supported, they prioritize your orders and adhere strictly to timelines. This symbiotic relationship transforms the supply chain from a transactional burden into a strategic asset. Brands can confidently tell their customers that their products are sourced responsibly, adding value to every purchase.

Ultimately, supply chains should uplift communities rather than exploit them. By prioritizing transparency, safety, and fairness, businesses can turn their procurement processes into powerful engines for positive change. It is entirely possible to achieve commercial success while protecting the people who make it possible. As a dedicated India sourcing company, we are helping to prove this vital concept for our clients every single day.

Explore our unique ethical approach to sourcing and contact us online today.

The post Turning Supply Chains into a Force for Good: AISG’s Ethical Manufacturing Model first appeared on All India Sourcing Group | Product Sourcing India | US.

When sourcing from overseas, specifically for those importing from India, navigating social compliance can be challenging without local oversight. Cultural nuances, distance, and communication barriers often obscure the reality of factory floor conditions. This is where All India Sourcing Group (AISG) steps in. Our factory audits go beyond a simple checklist, providing a genuine presence on the ground to ensure your standards are met.

What Social Compliance Really Means in Manufacturing

Social compliance refers to how a business protects the health, rights, and safety of its employees and the environment. It involves adhering to international labor laws and ensuring fair treatment for workers.

For brands, social compliance is not just about avoiding bad press. It directly impacts product quality and delivery timelines. When workers are treated fairly and operate in safe environments, turnover decreases and production quality becomes more consistent. Conversely, working with suppliers in India without proper vetting can lead to hidden risks, from unsafe working conditions to supply chain disruptions that damage your brand’s reputation.

How AISG Conducts Factory Audits in India

AISG takes a hands-on approach to validation. We do not rely on third-party reports or remote assurances. Instead, our team represents your brand directly inside the factory. Our audits are comprehensive and designed to uncover the actual working conditions.

Our audit process includes:

In-person factory evaluations: We physically inspect facilities to verify capacity and cleanliness.

Fire safety and workplace conditions: We check for functional fire exits, proper ventilation, and safe machinery.

Laborer age verification: We ensure strict adherence to laws preventing child labor.

Pay practices and working hour limits: We verify that wages meet legal standards and that overtime is voluntary and paid correctly.

Ongoing accountability: Rather than a one-time inspection, we focus on continuous improvement and regular check-ins.

Why Factory Audits Improve Ethical Sourcing

Ethical sourcing is tied closely to operational excellence. Factories that cut corners on safety often cut corners on quality control. By enforcing accountability, AISG helps manufacturers in India improve their operations rather than hide their faults.

This transparency allows us to identify the top suppliers in India who are willing to grow with your brand. When a factory knows they are being monitored by a partner who understands the local culture and language, they are more likely to maintain high standards consistently. This fosters long-term partnerships built on trust rather than fear of penalties.

How This Benefits Businesses Importing From India

Implementing rigorous factory audits provides tangible benefits for your business. First, it significantly reduces supply chain risk. You avoid the legal and reputational nightmare of being associated with unethical labor practices.

Second, it improves communication. AISG bridges the gap between Western expectations and Indian manufacturing reality. You get a clear, unfiltered view of your supply chain. Finally, this process ensures reliable timelines and quality standards, giving you peace of mind that your products will arrive as expected, made under conditions you can be proud of.

Making Ethical Sourcing the Standard

Social compliance should be the baseline, not an afterthought. Ethical sourcing matters because it protects people and builds resilient businesses. AISG’s factory audits provide a practical, measurable standard that helps you navigate the complexities of international trade.

Ethical sourcing starts with real accountability inside the factory. Learn how AISG’s in-person factory audits support ethical sourcing and reliable manufacturing when importing from India. 

The post How AISG’s Factory Audits Redefine Social Compliance Standards in India first appeared on All India Sourcing Group | Product Sourcing India | US.

Ethical sourcing is about more than just a brand’s reputation; it’s the foundation of a resilient and sustainable supply chain. When manufacturers prioritize social compliance, it leads to better products and stronger partnerships. This is why ensuring fair working conditions is a smart business strategy.

The True Cost of Poor Labor Standards

Unsafe or unfair working conditions are a significant business risk. They can lead to a host of problems that directly impact your bottom line:

Production Delays: High employee turnover and low morale often result in missed deadlines and inconsistent output.

Poor Workmanship: Stressed or undervalued workers are less likely to be engaged in their work, leading to quality control issues and defects.

Costly Recalls: A single compliance failure can lead to product recalls, damaging both your finances and brand credibility.

Reputational Damage: Consumers are increasingly demanding transparency. A supply chain linked to poor labor practices can turn customers away for good.

Supply chain accountability is no longer optional. Global buyers expect manufacturers to meet fair labor standards, making ethical sourcing a key factor in building long-term, trustworthy business relationships.

How In-Person Oversight Builds Better Supply Chains

Navigating the complexities of sourcing from manufacturers in India can be challenging, but it doesn’t have to be. The key is having a trusted presence on the ground to ensure your standards are met.

At All India Sourcing (AISG), we provide that accountability. Our American sourcing professionals are based in India and conduct thorough factory evaluations focused on critical areas:

Fair labor practices and proper pay

Safe working conditions and fire risk mitigation

Legal working hours and age verification to prevent child labor

We believe that better working conditions create better quality products. Our approach isn’t just to approve or reject suppliers. Instead, we work with manufacturers to help them improve and meet compliance standards. This hands-on support fosters a more stable and skilled workforce, which translates into reliable production and superior goods for your business. By representing you in person, we ensure your values are upheld on the factory floor.

Build a Responsible Supply Chain

Prioritizing fair labor practices is not just the right thing to do; it is essential for building a sustainable and dependable business. When workers are treated with respect, they are more invested in producing high-quality goods, which strengthens your entire supply chain.

Explore how ethical sourcing from India can strengthen your business. Visit All India Sourcing to build a reliable and responsible supply chain.

The post Why Fair Labor Practices Are Key to Sustainable Global Manufacturing first appeared on All India Sourcing Group | Product Sourcing India | US.

So, how does choosing socially responsible suppliers in India improve your final product? Let’s explore the connection.

Fair Labor Practices Lead to Higher Quality

When factories invest in their workers, it shows. Fair wages, safe working conditions, and reasonable hours create a positive environment. This leads to a more motivated and skilled workforce.

Employees who feel valued are more likely to take pride in their work. This translates to greater attention to detail and a commitment to quality control on the factory floor. By prioritizing fair labor practices, you are investing in the people who make your products.

Social Compliance Builds Trust and Reliability

Working with top suppliers in India who adhere to social compliance standards is essential for long-term success. These standards ensure that factories meet legal and ethical requirements, protecting both workers and your brand’s reputation.

A focus on social compliance often involves:

1. Regular factory audits to verify safety and labor laws.

2. Clear policies against child and forced labor.

3. Systems for workers to voice concerns without fear.

Factories that meet these standards are typically more organized and reliable. This operational excellence reduces the risk of production delays and quality issues, making the process of importing from India much smoother.

Sustainable Manufacturing Creates Better Products

Sustainability is about more than just being eco-friendly. It involves using resources efficiently and minimizing waste. This mindset often leads to more innovative production methods and higher-quality materials.

When factories adopt sustainable manufacturing practices, they are focused on creating durable, well-made products. This commitment to quality helps build a strong brand reputation and ensures customers receive items they can trust. For businesses, this means fewer defects and greater customer satisfaction.

Finding Your Ethical Partner

Ethical sourcing is the foundation of a resilient and successful supply chain. It ensures your products are made with care and integrity, building a brand that customers can feel good about supporting. By partnering with the right suppliers in India, you can achieve both quality and accountability.

As a trusted India sourcing company connects you with verified manufacturers who adhere to strict ethical and quality standards. Our on-ground experts oversee every stage of production to ensure your products meet exact specifications while maintaining fair labor and responsible sourcing practices.

Ready to build a better supply chain?Contact us todayto learn how we can help.

The post Ethical Sourcing: The Key to Quality Manufacturing in India first appeared on All India Sourcing Group | Product Sourcing India | US.

The Six Landmines of Sourcing from India

My first visit to India in 1999 felt like a venture to the moon for me.  Before I even got off of the plane, I began to detect an entirely new scent.  Over the next twenty days, all of my senses were assaulted as I encountered new experiences at every turn.  Most of these new things I enjoyed, and I quickly began to cherish the beautifully unique culture and incredibly hospitable people.  I became a student of everything India, and have spent the last twenty years wrapping my mind around the ways it is both similar as well as dissimilar to my own origin story in America.   

It was 2008 when I began to translate these discoveries into business investment and activity.  I took the risky leap of actually moving to India so that I could gain a deeper, more practical understanding of the product possibilities and factory capabilities. I had a few advisors who could give counsel related to business decisions. But, by and large, their experiences were exclusively from China, and not from anywhere south of the Himalayas.  Much of this advice was applicable, but I soon discovered that India was unique, and required specific perspective and skills.  Like many, I emerged from my first few product sourcing attempts with some scars and lessons learned from the school of hard knocks.

I assume you are reading this because manufacturing in India has either become an interest or possibility in your business plan.  Whether you are just getting started or have some bruises of your own, these are six warnings I wish someone would have shared with me before sourcing from India.  Over time, and in collaboration with the relatively small number of expat procurement professionals focused on the Indian subcontinent, the following issues and subsequent solutions have become more apparent.  India is an obvious answer to mass production in many material categories.  Therefore, avoiding the following six landmines will position you and your company for success in the marketplace and enduring friendships on the other side of the world.  

1. Underestimating Cultural Differences 

How many friends do you have who have never tasted a significant corner of the food pyramid based on the religious convictions of their family?  Any that have chosen to allow their parents to pick a spouse for them?  What about seeking the advice of a community leader to find the auspicious day for planning a significant life event?  The cultural roots of India run very deep. The world has become so connected that it is hard to imagine that everyone everywhere has not conformed to the societal norms sold in shared media.  It is important to remember, however, that factories are located outside of the more affluent city centers that are highly influenced by the west.  Even if the owners and operators of a company have adopted a more western approach to life, it is vital to remember that the laborers are normally from surrounding villages and therefore, are less exposed to (and less concerned with) different approaches to life.  

As a foreigner, learning about and respecting cultural events will have an incredibly positive impact on interpersonal interaction in business.  For instance, I once lost favor with a potential business partner because my American associate pointed the bottom of his shoe in the man’s general direction.  Or, you might be surprised to find out that your project is now on hold due to the fact that a member of the management team is getting married, and the activities surrounding the wedding demand nearly all of the focus of the factory for weeks in advance. You might feel like conditions in the factory are not exemplary because the workers sit on the floor.  However, after insisting on chairs and tables, you might return to see that the furniture is stacked in a corner because the employees prefer to sit cross legged on the ground.  I had a good laugh at the expense of the friend who endured that critical miscalculation of what was considered comfortable.  

It is also important to keep in mind that India is a true mosaic of beliefs and traditions.  Each factory will have a unique story, and there will be holidays that impact that vendor greatly that might not show up on an international calendar or even affect another manufacturer in the same region.  It takes a significant amount of time and energy to make oneself aware of these differences, and it would be impossible to understand all of the nuances. However, any and every step taken towards greater cultural understanding will pay huge dividends and mitigate unforeseen risks.

2. Untested Vendor Selection 

When partnering with another business, one also partners with that company’s strengths and weaknesses.  I have been surprised with how quickly myself and others have been willing to trust a vendor we have never met with large amounts of cash to create the products at the core of our desired success.  I have never personally received a container intentionally packed with scrap pieces in lieu of the product I ordered, but I have heard that story more than once.  

Early in my personal journey, while working with a large-brand name retailer, I did inspect a container at the back door that could barely be identified as what had been ordered.  A kindergarten class could have just as easily done the work.  When asked about the selection of that vendor, I discovered that this decision had been made at the same time that this purchase order had been issued during one meeting at an expo.  After visiting that factory to recover those funds, I found that it would have been easy to forecast this failure.  

If you take your product seriously, there has to be a vetting process that you go through with any potential vendor before you commit to an order with them.  Failures can come in many forms, but I find that most failures are easy to predict through a short tour of the factory.  It may seem blindingly apparent, but it needs to be said: Someone needs to go to the factory to ask the obvious questions about processes and procedures. Someone needs to dive into worker satisfaction and safety.  Someone needs to view the orders that are in process to insure the legitimacy of the business, and look into the eyes of a factory’s leadership team to confirm dependability. These seemingly simple activities can protect your investment and save you more headaches than you could ever imagine.  

The travel time to India from the United States would require at least a full day of flying, inclusive of a complete flip of your internal clock and reversal of that process to regather your balance once home again.  If you add to that the cost of airfare, it would be an incredibly time consuming and expensive venture to lay eyes on the factory for yourself.  Another option would be to utilize a third party who has a current process of verifying vendors.  But, it would still be important to do your own verification of that partner to insure that you see eye to eye.  Many times, the agents connected to factories simply represent family connections or incentives for sales, and not necessarily the aforementioned concerns.  Bottom line, wherever your manufacturing arm is located, you cannot afford to lean on big promises and flowery language with no proof of the appropriate structure or expectations to support your demands.

3. Unclear Quality Expectations

Anytime an item is taken to mass production, there is an inherent risk that the recreation will not match the original in some way.  A factory must come up with specific strategies to utilize its facilities and labor force to most efficiently and cost effectively complete the order.  With any given product, there are a variety of angles in which quality can be defined, and there is tremendous risk when buyers and suppliers define quality differently. In many cases, the buying team is unaware of all of the nuance involved in the item’s recreation because they have been working so closely with the finished product.  It is difficult, but necessary to adequately bring the supplier to the same level of clarity regarding quality expectations.  There will always be expectations from the buying team, but many of them are not communicated clearly because they are assumed to be obvious.  For instance, it would be easy to assume that a factory would match the product’s color exactly.  However, if this was not specifically stated and a less expensive, similar shade is readily available at the factory, the potential for a color variation is at play.  If color is at all important to the value of the end product, it must be specifically stated to the vendor with details of what will or will not be considered acceptable.

India is world renowned for the incredible handicrafts that result from its artistic and skilled labor force.  Before spending time in these factories, I had no idea how many diligent hands were crafting many of my everyday home purchases.  This handcrafted technique is beautiful, and often the only way to achieve the perceived value required in many categories.  However, there is one significant downside to so many hands touching the product throughout production: It can easily become like the “telephone” game we played as kids, where each person whispers a sentence to the next friend until the original message changes drastically by the time it is passed to the end of the line.  If quality is left to the interpretation of each employee of the factory, you can be sure that it will not match the original intent in some way.

Creating and working from a reference sample can be a great way to identify potential problems, and describe where the quality lines need to be drawn.  Keep in mind that the sample is likely produced in a designated space for this purpose, and that an actual production run will involve more people.  Laborers will focus on one process or another without seeing a product to completion.  Having the approved sample on the shop floor and using it as a tangible example for comparison is crucial.  It is also imperative that both the buyer and the supplier speak up early and often about potential quality fears.  A document must be created detailing all of these discussions, and painting a clear portrait of what will or will not be acceptable.  Quality checks by a third party upon completion of the first run and also throughout production are essential.  The presence of a buyer representative who is fully equipped with an approved sample and quality checklist can make all the difference in what arrives at the backdoor.  The more this mediator can understand the mind and values of the end consumer as well as the supplier’s production limitations, the more likely it is that failures will be identified and return numbers will be positively impacted.

4. Unspoken Time Requirements

We all know that a company can only sell what it has in stock, therefore, missing a sales season can break the back of even a well established company.  In a world where just about anything can be at our door in less than a week, it is easy to take for granted the complicated game of ‘Twister™’ logistics that are required.  When ordering custom products from factory communities on the other side of the world, no assumptions can be made.  The buying team needs accountability in place for every expectation they have. Issues must be expected, and supply chain professionals cannot be surprised when confronted with various assaults on a projected timeline.

To avoid missing critical delivery dates, it is vital to communicate to the manufacturer what is needed when and why, so that the supplier can also think proactively about their commitments and realities.  A wise vendor will appreciate understanding the situation, and will often shoulder the buyer’s time concern.  They will know that the factory only succeeds if the buyer moves products and issues reorders.  This highlights the importance of choosing a vendor who is looking for a long-term investment toward reorders.

To understand this complexity at a deeper level, it is good to acknowledge a few common obstacles that could wreck a timeline in India. In many instances, factories give an estimated time projection, hopefully with margin for all the potential unforeseen hindrances.  This initial accounting may not always take into consideration how many other orders are in play, and the actual capacity of the factory.  Additionally, India is known for its large variety of holidays and festivals that have the potential to add weeks to a delivery date if factory employees are participating.  Suppliers are rarely intentionally over-promising, but there is a cultural bent toward optimism that can require fact checking in order to mitigate potential obstacles.  All of this is before we even begin to tackle the trucks, trains, boats and planes it will require to move the shipment eight thousand miles.  

5. Underestimating Communication Barriers

Clarity around decisions made throughout the supply chain process is crucial.  It would be easy to assume when two people speak the same language, communication is happening.  However, oftentimes, spoken words become foggy as the influence of one’s mother tongue and his or her varied definition of terms take effect.  In India, many are educated in English speaking schools, and most of the leadership easily operates in the language.  However, there is a distinct way that English is spoken in India that doesn’t always guarantee effective communication.  You may have experienced this when trying to solve a computer issue with tech support while talking with a representative from Mumbai.  While both people are speaking the same words, it can be difficult to understand unfamiliar terminology through the accent barrier without significantly decreasing the speed of the conversation.  This difficulty may be fine when placing an order of your favorite dish from a restaurant, but when you are working through the details of a highly technical and costly purchase of manufactured goods, it can be crippling.

Something else to consider when it comes to clarity is the power of non-verbal communication.  In India, the motions of the hands (and in particular, the head), can ‘say’ as much as spoken words.  To a newcomer, these cues may sometimes even appear to conflict with what is spoken.  I remember my first encounters in-country, and how many times I assumed someone’s head shaking was a negative response. Where I grew up, someone moving their chin from left to right meant ‘no.’ I took this interpretation and walked away defeated only to be chased down and corrected.  The head nod in India is only one of many non-verbals that nearly create an entire language unto themselves.  

This communication landmine is one that many have failed to see, and the consequences can be devastating.  It has the potential to sneak up on you because it is not obvious how far the gap in understanding might be until it’s too late.  In many places across the world, a mediator who has command of both languages and cultures is an obvious requirement as English is not as common in these instances. With the history of British influence in India and the near constant changes of language from region to region within the country itself, India has a real advantage in communicating with the Western world.  However, any prospective buyer should keep in mind that there remains a distance that must be navigated if clear understanding is to be achieved.

6. Undervalued Relationships

In my opinion, without contention, the biggest landmine is when a foreign buyer misunderstands the value of family and friends in the Indian context.  My childhood years were spent in a smaller farming community where ‘everybody knew everybody.’  I later moved to a larger city and into a neighborhood with privacy fences and garage doors.  Though the houses were ten feet apart and several families lived on our block, very rarely did anyone interact.  If they did, it was only to reveal the version of their life and story that benefited them most.  Each family existed on an ‘island of their own making’ that was left to fend for itself and face obstacles alone. Eventually, of course, the success of their children would primarily be defined by this individualistic survival.

Of all the shockingly beautiful things about India, none are as powerful as the interconnectedness of families and communities. Families are very close, with most married children living under the same roof as either their own or their spouse’s parents. In many cases, the grandparents live in this same house, and the extended family is very involved in most of the activities of life. Children are definitely raised in the context of a ‘village’ mentality in terms of the interdependency of family members.  Much of this cultural difference has been identified as consistent with people who live below the equator as opposed to those who live in colder regions.  With consistently warmer weather, people have historically interacted on a more constant basis, and have learned a more communal way of life.  Along the same lines, factories are most often family owned and multigenerational.  Even when hungry for business, they are not necessarily willing to take every order that comes along, and they are reluctant to begin partnerships with people with whom they don’t enjoy a good relationship.

This different valuation of the bottom line can astound westerners as they try to negotiate product procurement from India.  We all know that human nature causes us to gravitate toward doing business with people we like.  It is rare, however, in most western circumstances, for these relationships to win out over profit margin.  In the push and shove of Indian decision making, I have routinely experienced an honor for relationships winning out over the bottom line.  I believe this is driven both by the cultural emphasis on connectedness as well as the long-term mentality.  When a business is thinking more about what will be left to the great grandchildren than what advances will be made month by month, it focuses attention on trustworthy and loyal partners.  Knowing this relationship will involve give-and-take allows both parties to link arms for the roller coaster ride of risk together.  If a potential buyer assumes that money primarily motivates a supplier in India, they may find themselves confused and alone because of a failure to align with the values of the factory. 

The post The 6 Landmines of sourcing from India first appeared on All India Sourcing Group | Product Sourcing India | US.